Objective
Method
Results
Conclusion
Key words
References
- Factors associated with desistence and persistence of childhood gender dysphoria: a quantitative follow-up study.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2013; 52: 582-590
- Children and adolescents with gender identity disorder referred to a pediatric medical center.Pediatrics. 2012; 129: 418-425
- Self-harming thoughts and behaviors in a group of children and adolescents with gender dysphoria.Int J Transgend. 2013; 14: 86-92
- Between pink and blue: a multi-dimensional family approach to gender nonconforming children and their families.Fam Process. 2011; 50: 453-470
- Psychological and medical care of gender nonconforming youth.Pediatrics. 2014; 134: 1184-1192
Jacob Lemay lives life as transgender child. NBC News. http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/transgender-kids/jacob-lives-life-transgender-child-n345296. Broadcast April 2015. Accessed September 3, 2015.
Coy Mathis’ family celebrates civil rights win for transgender child. The Denver Post. http://www.denverpost.com/2013/06/24/coy-mathis-family-celebrates-civil-rights-win-for-transgender-child/. Published June 24, 2013. Accessed June 10, 2016.
Representative Mike Honda on his transgender granddaughter: “she’s beautiful.” Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/03/05/mike-honda-transgender-daughter_n_6804806.html. Published March 5, 2013. Accessed June 10, 2016.
Vilain E, Bailey JM. What should you do if your son says he’s a girl? Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-vilain-transgender-parents-20150521-story.html. Published May 21, 2015. Accessed September 3, 2015.
Soh D. The transgender battle line: childhood. Wall Street Journal. http://www.wsj.com/articles/the-transgender-battle-line-childhood-1451952794. Published January 4, 2016. Accessed June 10, 2016.
Walsh M. This poor child is confused, not “transgendered.” Matt Walsh Blog. http://themattwalshblog.com/2014/06/03/this-poor-child-is-confused-not-transgendered/. Published June 2014. Accessed September 24, 2016.
“Zero, zilch, nada” evidence to support gender transition of young children. 4thWaveNow. https://4thwavenow.com/2015/10/20/zero-zilch-nada-evidence-to-support-gender-transition-of-young-children/. Published October 2015. Accessed September 24, 2016.
Dreger A. The big problem with outlawing gender conversion therapies. Wired. http://www.wired.com/2015/06/big-problem-outlawing-gender-conversion-therapies/. Published June 2015. Accessed September 3, 2015.
- Child, family, and community transformations: findings from interviews with mothers of transgender girls.J GLBT Fam Stud. 2014; 10: 354-379
- The health and well-being of transgender high school students: results from the New Zealand adolescent health survey (Youth’12).J Adolesc Health. 2014; 55: 93-99
- Anxiety and depression in transgender individuals: the roles of transition status, loss, social support, and coping.J Consult Clin Psychol. 2013; 81: 545-557
- Transgender youth: invisible and vulnerable.J Homosex. 2006; 51: 111-128
- Transsexual patients’ psychiatric comorbidity and positive effect of cross-sex hormonal treatment on mental health: results from a longitudinal study.Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2014; 39: 65-73
- Attempted suicide among transgender persons: The influence of gender-based discrimination and victimization.J Homosex. 2006; 51: 53-69
- Suicide and suicide risk in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations: review and recommendations.J Homosex. 2010; 58: 10-51
- Suicidal ideation among patients with gender identity disorder.Psychiatry Res. 2011; 190: 159-162
- Injustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey.National Center for Transgender Equality, Washington, DC2011
- Transgender youth and life-threatening behaviors.Suicide Life Threat Behav. 2007; 37: 527-537
- Mental health of transgender children who are supported in their identities.Pediatrics. 2016; 137: e20153223
- Demographic characteristics, social competence, and behavior problems in children with gender identity disorder: a cross-national, cross-clinic comparative analysis.J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2003; 31: 41-53
- Physiological correlates of anxiety in children with gender identity disorder.Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2007; 16: 309-315
- Gender Identity Disorder and Psychosexual Problems in Children and Adolescents.Guilford Press, New York1995
- Child/adolescent behavioral and emotional problems: implications of cross-informant correlations for situational specificity.Psychol Bull. 1987; 101: 213
- Correspondence between adolescent report and parent report of psychiatric diagnostic data.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997; 36: 610-619
- Informant discrepancies in the assessment of childhood psychopathology: a critical review, theoretical framework, and recommendations for further study.Psychol Bull. 2005; 131: 483
- Parent-child agreement on child psychiatric symptoms assessed via structured interview.J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1986; 27: 181-190
- Confirmation bias: a ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises.Rev Gen Psychol. 1998; 2: 175
- Does low self-esteem predict health compromising behaviours among adolescents?.J Adolesc. 2000; 23: 569-582
- Does low self-esteem predict depression and anxiety? A meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.Psychol Bull. 2013; 139: 213
- Low self-esteem during adolescence predicts poor health, criminal behavior, and limited economic prospects during adulthood.Dev Psychol. 2006; 42: 381
- Low self-esteem and hopelessness in childhood and suicidal ideation in early adulthood.J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2001; 29: 281-291
- Measures of self-concept and self-esteem for children ages 3-12 years: a review and recommendations.Clin Psychol Rev. 1984; 4: 657-692
- An item response analysis of the pediatric PROMIS anxiety and depressive symptoms scales.Qual Life Res. 2010; 19: 595-607
- PROMIS® Parent Proxy Report Scales: an item response theory analysis of the parent proxy report item banks.Qual Life Res. 2012; 21: 1223-1240
- Self-Perception Profile for Children: Manual and Questionnaires.University of Denver, Denver, CO2012
- Lack of rating scale normalization and a socioeconomically advantaged population limits the generalizability of preadolescent transgender findings.Pediatrics. 2016; 138: e20161203A
- Peer victimization, global self-worth, and anxiety in middle school children.J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2002; 31: 59-68
- Commentary on “An Affirmative Intervention for Families with Gender Variant Children: Parental Ratings of Child Mental Health and Gender” by Hill, Menvielle, Sica, and Johnson (2010).J Sex Marital Ther. 2011; 37: 151-157
- Self-perception in a clinical sample of gender variant children.Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2013; 18: 464-474
- Self-harm and suicidality in children referred for gender dysphoria.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016; 55: 513-520
- Prepubescent transgender children: what we do and do not know.J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016; 55: 155
- An affirmative intervention for families with gender variant children: parental ratings of child mental health and gender.J Sex Marital Ther. 2010; 36: 6-23
- Long-term follow-up of transsexual persons undergoing sex reassignment surgery: cohort study in Sweden.PloS One. 2011; 6: e16885
- Gender transitioning before puberty?.Arch Sex Behav. 2011; 40: 649-650
- Mental health of children and adolescents in Great Britain.Int Rev Psychiatry. 2003; 15: 185-187
- Economic deprivation and early childhood development.Child Dev. 1994; 65: 296-318
- Socioeconomic status and adolescent mental disorders.Am J Public Health. 2012; 102: 1742-1750
- Extreme boyhood femininity: isolated behavior or pervasive disorder?.J Am Acad Child Psychiatry. 1985; 24: 702-709
- Parental support and mental health among transgender adolescents.J Adolesc Health. 2013; 53: 791-793
Article Info
Publication History
Footnotes
This article is discussed in an editorial by Mr. Jack L. Turban on page 101.
This article can be used to obtain continuing medical education (CME) at www.jaacap.com.
This work was supported by grants from the Royalty Research Fund and the Arcus Foundation to K.R.O. These funding sources played no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, or interpretation, and no funding source saw the report before submission for publication.
This work was presented at the World Professional Association for Transgender Health; Amsterdam, Netherlands; June 19, 2016.
The authors thank Madeleine DeMeules, BA, and Gabrielle Lindquist, BA, of the University of Washington, for data collection assistance, and Gabriella Ji, undergraduate, of the University of Washington, for data entry assistance.
Disclosure: Dr. McLaughlin has received paid honoraria from the University of Illinois at Chicago, the Brain and Behavior Foundation, the APA Distinguished Scientific Award for Early Career Contribution to Psychology, the Society for a Science of Clinical Psychology–Susan Nolan-Hoeksma Early Career Award, and the University of Colorado at Denver. She has received grant funding from the National Institutes of Health, the Royalty Research Fund, the International Mental Health Research Organization, the Jacobs Foundation, and the Brain and Behavior Research Foundation. Dr. Olson has received or soon will be receiving paid honoraria from the Pennsylvania State University–Abbington, Arizona State University, University of Washington Medical School, University of California–San Diego, and the University of Minnesota Program in Human Sexuality. She has received grant funding from the National Science Foundation and the Science of Intellectual Humility. Ms. Durwood reports no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
Identification
Copyright
ScienceDirect
Access this article on ScienceDirectLinked Article
- CorrigendumJournal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent PsychiatryVol. 57Issue 11
- PreviewIn the article “Mental Health and Self-Worth in Socially Transitioned Transgender Youth,” by Durwood, McLaughlin, and Olson, published in the February 2017 issue of the Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (2017;56:116-123), Tables 2 and 3 contained several typographical errors. None were found to have impacted the conclusions of the study, however, one of the errors may affect interpretation of the findings: the mean anxiety for transgender children with incomes below $75,000 was listed as 59.5, but the correct value was 49.5.
- Full-Text
- Preview
